A Study to Evaluate the effectiveness of Video Teaching Programme on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Hazards of open Toilet, among the Slum People at Rajkot

 

Mr. Makwana Nilesh Kumar Manubhai, Dr. Jeenath Justin Doss. K

Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Rajkot

 

ABSTRACT:

The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of video teaching programme on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hazards of open toiletamong the slum people at Rajkot. The study was conducted in a selected slum area at Rajkot, Gujarat. Total samples were 60. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used .The research tool was developed in English after an extensive of literature and experts opinion it was translated in to Gujarati by language experts, the structured questionnaire was used as an instrument to measure the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding effectiveness of video teaching programme on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hazards of open air Toiletat Rajkot. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to calculate the data.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Elimination of waste is one of the basic needs of human beings. The term ‘’TOILET’’ is defined as a bowel movement in which feces are evacuated through the rectum and anus¹. Open air the Toiletis passage of stool in an open environment. It is commonly practiced custom in slum areas where sanitation facilities are ignored. Human Excreta in open environment causes health hazards like Hookworm infestation, Diarrhea, Cholera, Dysentery and other health problems²

 

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Approximately 15% of the global population – nearly 1 billion people – openly defecates. India has four times this global rate, with nearly 60% of its population practicing open TOILET. The problem is most acute in rural regions and the northern states, where 70% of Indians openly defecate.³

 

Open TOILET was found by the WHO in 2014 to be a leading cause of diarrheal death; an average of 2,000 children under the age of five die every day from diarrhoea.⁴

 

Young children are particularly vulnerable to ingesting feces of other people that are lying around after open TOILET, because young children crawl on the ground, walk barefoot and put things in their mouths without washing their hands. Feces of farmed animals are equally a cause of concern when children are playing in the yard.⁵

Those countries where open toiletis most widely practiced have the highest numbers of deaths of children under the age of five, as well as high levels of malnourishment (leading to stunted growth in children), high levels of poverty and large disparities between the rich and poor.

 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

·       To assess the existing level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of slum people regarding hazards of open toilet.

·       To evaluate the effectiveness of Video teaching programme on open toiletin terms of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among slum people at Rajkot.

·       To find out the association between knowledge on ill effects of open toiletwith their selected demographic variables

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research Design:

Pre- Experimental research design was chosen for this study without randomization.

 

Setting:

The study was conducted in selected slum area at Rajkot.

Population: Accessible population for this study includes people living in slum area at Rajkot.

 

Sample:

Selected 60 samples.

 

Sampling Technique:

The samples were selected for this study by non-probability convenient sampling techniques.

 

Data analysis:

The demographic variables were organized by using descriptive measures (frequency and percentage), effectiveness of VTP evaluated by t-test, and the association between the level of knowledge and the selected demographic variables were assessed by Chi-square test. 

 

FINDINGS:

A.   Findings related to demographic characteristic of subjects:

·       Majority of 28 (46.7%) respondents were between the age group of 31-40 years.

·       Majority of 32 (53.3%) were males.

·       Majority of 45 (75%) respondents were unmarried.

·       Majority of 44 (73.3%) were from Joint family.

·       Majority of 42 (70%) were uneducated.

·       Majority of 29 (48.3%) were daily wage workers.

·       Majority of 32 (53.3%) were under IV class socioeconomic status.

 

B.    Findings according to assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and practice:

Regarding Knowledge Pre-test 15(25%) were having moderate level of knowledge on hazards of open toiletand 45(75%) were having inadequate level of knowledge after the Health education 12(20%) got adequate knowledge,47(78.3%) got moderate level of knowledge and only 1(1.7%) was under inadequate level of knowledge.

 

Regarding Attitudeattitude, during pre-test 13(21.7%) were showing favorable attitude and 47(78.3%) were showing unfavorable attitude and during post -test 57(95%) were showing favorable attitude and 3(5%) were showing unfavorable attitude.

 

Regarding practice, during pre-test 2(3.3%) were having Adequate practice,13(21.7%) were having Moderate practice and 45(75%) were having Inadequate Practice; during post-test 14(23.3%) were improved to adequate level of practice,43(71.7%) were moderate practice and only 3(5%) were having inadequate practice. 

 

C.   Findings according to effectiveness of Video teaching programme:

Effectiveness of Video teaching programme on hazards of open toiletin terms of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice. Regarding Knowledge the pre-test mean is 4.4667 and post- test mean 8.3667, the mean difference is 3.90 and the Standard deviation pre-test 2.11906 and post-test 1.52900, obtained “t” value is 26.37*** with degree of freedom 59 (p=3.4632) highly significant at 0.001 level.

 

Regarding Attitude the pre-test mean is 6.2833 and post- test mean 9.9500, the mean difference is 3.66 and the Standard deviation pre-test 3.09232 and post-test 2.60003, obtained “t” value is 15.45*** with degree of freedom 59 (p=3.4632) highly significant at 0.001 level.

 

Regarding Practice the pre-test mean is 3.7333 and post- test mean 5.7167, the mean difference is 1.98 and the Standard deviation pre-test 1.36378 and post-test 1.099066, obtained “t” value is 14.86*** with degree of freedom 59 (p=3.4632) highly significant at 0.001 level.

 

D.   Findings according to association between socio demographic variables with post-test:

Association between the level of Knowledge and demographic variables and out of all demographic variables like Age, Sex, Marital status, Type of family, Education, Profession and Socioeconomic status, type of family and Education had association.

 

E. Findings according to Correlation:

There are a positive correlation between the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice.

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that respondents living in slum area of Rajkot had inadequate knowledge in pre-test and after planned teaching programme majority of them gained adequate knowledge. Health teaching would prove to be an effective educational method which changes Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of people and improves healthy behaviours among them.

 

REFERENCE:

1.      Basavanthappa B T, Text book of Community Health Nursing,2^nd edition New Delhi; J P Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd,2008; P NO. 340

2.      Park k, Park Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine,19th Edition Jabalpur; Banarasi Das Bhanot Publishers, 2007; P No.115, 566.

3.      Basavanthappa B T, Text book of Community Health Nursing,2^nd edition New Delhi; J P Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd,2008; P NO. 340

4.      Park k, Park Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine,19th Edition Jabalpur; Banarasi Das Bhanot Publishers, 2007; P No.115, 566.

5.      Kotari. C R, Text book of Research Methodology - Methods & Techniques 2^nd Edition, 7^threprint New Delhi; VishwaPrakashan Ltd; P NO 285.

 

 

 

 

 

Received on 14.12.2018         Modified on 29.12.2018

Accepted on 30.01.2019      ©A&V Publications All right reserved